Some case studies: Yupik, Indonesian, Frisian, Turkish; overview of the remaining problems; an invitation to schwa.
Yupik languages generally have an iambic stress pattern. Stressed vowels are lengthened, except when they are (underlying) schwa.
/qayani/ -> [qaya:ni]
Indonesian is problematic for the account proposed here, because in this language schwa seems really invisible for stress:
There is no way in which this can be described directly.
| cát | `print' |
| cári | `search for' |
| bicára | `speak' |
| bìjaksána | `wise' |
| kòntinuási | `continuation' |
| òtobìográfi | `autobiography' |
| àmerikànisási | `Americanization' |
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| b@rí | `give' |
| s@t@láh | `after' |
| gám@lan | `Indonesian orchestra' |
| apárt@men | `appartment' |
| c@rìt@ra | `story' |
| p@r@mpúan | `woman' |
| dìf@rensiási | `differentiation' |
| dìv@rsifikási | `diversification' |